Cara Jepang Mengelola Sampah

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Cara Jepang Mengelola Sampah

2:26 PM Posted by Rizqy Agusta Primananda



Sampah merupakan suatu masalah yang sangat besar bagi lingkungan hidup kita. Karena saking banyaknya sampah yang tidak diurus dan dibiarkan begitu saja, maka lama kelamaan akan menumpuk terus hingga mencapai jumlah yang tak terkira dan jelas akan mencemari lingkungan.

Tumpukan sampah-sampah diatas adalah tumpukan sampah yang ada di Indonesia. Untuk membantu Indonesia dalam mengatasi permasalahan sampah tersebut mungkin ada baiknya kalau melihat kota Osaka di Jepang yang telah selesai dengan masalah sampah. Di berbagai sudut kota, di jalanan, di aliran sungai, atau di taman, tak ada yang namanya sampah berserakan, apalagi tumpukan sampah.

Pengelolaan sampah di Osaka, salah satunya, ada di istana bermain warna-warni yang bernama Maishima Incineration Plant atau Pabrik Pembakaran Sampah Maishima. Bentuk gedungnya unik tak memperlihatkan sama sekali bahwa itu adalah tempat pengolahan sampah. Benar-benar kalau dari luar tampak seperti istana bermain.

Pabrik ini dibangun pada 1997 dan selesai tahun 2001. Di dalamnya ada mesin pembakaran sampah raksasa. Bagaimana tidak raksasa, sekali bakar mesin incenerator ini mampu membakar 450 ton sampah sekaligus. Dalam sehari, mesin ini membakar sampah dua kali.

Sampah-sampah dari seluruh kota Osaka masuk ke pabrik ini menggunakan truk sampah khusus. Sejak di pintu gerbang, sampah telah dipisahkan mana yang bisa dibakar dan mana yang tidak bisa dibakar. Truk kemudian masuk ke lokasi penampungan sampah.

Ruang itu sangat bersih. Hampir tak terlihat sama sekali sampah berserakan dari proses penurunan sampah dari truk. Kalau dilihat dari bagian atas pabrik, tampak truk-truk itu seperti mobil mainan di tengah pabrik yang sangat besar.

Sampah ditampung dalam penampungan raksasa. Sebuah capit raksasa siap memindahkan sampah tersebut ke mesin incenerator. Sekali capit, sampah dari enam truk sampah terangkut masuk ke incenerator.

Di incenerator, sampah dibakar dengan suhu mencapai 950 derajat celcius. Pembakaran itu menghasilkan panas. Panas tersebut digunakan untuk berbagai kepentingan di antaranya untuk pemanas ruangan, pemanas air, dan pembangkit listrik bagi pabrik itu sendiri.

Selain itu, pabrik ini mampu menjual listrik hasil pengolahan sampah tersebut ke perusahaan listrik di kota itu. Tahun lalu, Kansa Elektric Power—perusahaan listrik di Osaka—menerima 50 juta kilowatt listrik dari pabrik pembakaran sampah Maishima.

Pabrik yang ada hanyalah salah satu dari 10 pabrik serupa yang ada di Osaka. Tak mengherankan jika masalah sampah di sana sudah teratasi. Incenerator itu semuanya berteknologi tinggi sehingga biayanya pun sangat besar. Namun dibandingkan dengan hasilnya, tentu sepadan.

Pengalaman Osaka ini bisa menjadi pelajaran bagi pengelolaan sampah di Indonesia, khususnya Jakarta yang tiap hari selalu mengalami masalah sampah. Tinggal sekarang kemauannya saja.


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